Viola lanaiensis

W.Becker (1916)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Violaceae Genus: Viola

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small, erect, unbranched or few–branched subshrubs 10–40 cm tall.

Stems:

Roots: From a taproot, sometimes rooting from lower part of stem.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, clustered toward upper part of stem. Blades elliptic–lanceolate, 6–11 cm long, 1.3–2.7 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base attenuate. Surfaces glabrous. Margins callose–serrulate. Lateral veins arcuate. Petioles 0.5–1.5(–2) cm long. Stipules thin, deltate, 8–10 mm long, 3–3.5 mm wide, margins fimbriate, at least some of the teeth 2–6 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers axillary, 1(–4) in the upper leaf axils, peduncles 5–15 mm long, pedicels 20–30(–50) mm long, bracteoles above middle. Flowers bisexual (perfect); apparently all chasmogamous. Calyx of 5 sepals, subequal, oblong–lanceolate, 5–6 mm long, imbricate, lateral ones slightly longer, base slightly prolonged, prolonged into appendages below the point of insertion, persistent. Corolla zygomorphic, consisting of 5 distinct petals, these unequal, lateral ones smaller than upper pair, petals white tinged purple or with purple veins, upper and lateral ones ca. 9–14 mm long, lower one ca.11.5–15 mm long, all petals glabrous. Stamens 5, ca. 3.4–3.7 mm long, connective of lower ones prolonged into a nose–shaped structure ca. 1 mm long, staminal filaments coherent around ovary; anther connective of lower Stamens prolonged into an appendage, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled; ovules numerous per placenta, anatropous, placentation parietal; style 1.

Fruit: Capsules with loculicidal dehiscence; 9–13.5 mm long. Seeds numerous; brown; obovoid; 1.9–2.2 mm long; ca. 1.2 mm in diameter; seed coat somewhat leathery; dull; apex rounded; with fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 80

Habitat: Ridges and slopes.

Elevation Range: 850–980 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 214 (1916)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1334 (L); Havran et al. 2012 (WM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details terrestrial in wet forest Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 31008 Maui BISH 2010-03-23
2 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic forested gulch surrounded by uluhe, open strream bottom with plants growing in patches in and on either side of streambed. Mesic: Metrosideros, Leptecophylla, Cheirodendron, Dodonaea, Vaccinium, Myrsine, Nestegis, Sadleria, Hoiokula, Microlepia, Elaphoglossum, Dryopteris, Pipturus, Carex Preserved_Specimen Pezzillo, Z. 551 Maui BISH 2023-05-31
3 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic forested gulch surrounded by uluhe, open strream bottom with plants growing in patches in and on either side of streambed. Mesic: Metrosideros, Leptecophylla, Cheirodendron, Dodonaea, Vaccinium, Myrsine, Nestegis, Sadleria, Hoiokula, Microlepia, Elaphoglossum, Dryopteris, Pipturus, Carex Preserved_Specimen Pezzillo, Z. 550 Maui BISH 2023-05-31
4 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 197 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
5 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep ravine slope. Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Lanai BISH 1979-08-30
6 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic forested gulch surrounded by uluhe, open stream bottom with plants growing in patches in and on either side of streambed. Mesic: Metrosideros, Leptecophylla, Cheirodendron, Dodonaea, Vaccinium, Myrsine, Nestegis, Sadleria, Hoiokula, Microlepia, Elaphoglossum, Dryopteris, Pipturus, Carex Preserved_Specimen Pezzillo, Z. 552 Maui BISH 2023-05-31
7 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14651 Lanai BISH 1916-09-21
8 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details terrestrial in wet forest Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 31008 Maui BISH 2010-03-23
9 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep ravine slope. Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Lanai BISH 1979-08-30
10 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1919-03-01
11 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 282 Lanai BISH 1917-06-01
12 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8046 Lanai BISH 1910-07-25
13 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8046 Lanai BISH 1910-07-25
14 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 111 Lanai BISH 1914-03-17
15 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8046 Lanai BISH 1910-07-25
16 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 24 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
17 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8046 Lanai BISH 1910-07-25
18 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8046 Lanai BISH 1910-07-25
19 Viola lanaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH